Three main ecosystems exist in the district. The wetlands that include the salt marshes, natural and man-made, forests habitats that include, pine and eucalypt forests as well as oak patches of holm oak and cork oak that have survive time and finally, agricultural ecosystems of herbaceous and woody cultivations areas.

.The good conservation state of the wetlands in this district propitiates the presence of good number of bird species related to these habitats of special interest for the ornithological tourism, both beginners and experience birdwatchers.

Species of interest

• Among the sedentary and most outstanding birds in the wetlands of this district we can mention the Eurasian bittern, the marbled teal, the purple gallinule, the crested coot, the ferruginous duck, northern pintail, the great flamenco and the white-headed duck.

• Among the summer visitors of the wetlands in the district we can find the squacco heron, the gull-billed tern ( Gelochelidon nilotica ), the garganey, the black tern ( Chlidonias niger ) and the glossy ibis also it is possible to observe the Balearic shearwater ( Puffinus mauretanicus ), the corn crake ( Crex crex ), the ruff ( Philomachus pugnax ) and the bar-tailed godwit ( Limosa lapponica ).

• During the winter new species appear and is when the highs numbers of species observed is reached. Among the exclusively hibernating ones the highlight is the Audouin's gull, the black stork ( Ciconia nigra ) and the osprey ( Pandion haliaetus ), although many of the sedentary species increase the number of individuals during the hibernation.

Time of the year

The whole year is appropriate. However maybe we can stand out two main season in the year when birds observation is more spectacular:

• During good part of the spring and beginnings of the summer takes place the breeding and the dispersion of the youths.

• During the winter (final of autumn and almost the whole winter) it is stunning experience for the ornithologist especially for the number of individuals that concentrate on the different ecosystems in the district and for the variety of species that also attract.

Observation Sites

• The most appropriate sites for visiting are the marshlands of Doñana, Venta la Palma, el Brazo del Este Centro de Recepción José Antonio Valverde, Lucio del Cangrejo and the Dehesa de Abajo. In general are places for the observation of aquatic birds with good visibility, although in all those cases a fixed (hide like) place doesn't exist to carry out the observations for what you will have to be wise when choosing the appropriate observation point to not bothering the birds..

Agricultural areas Species

In the centre-northern area of the district, can be found wide agricultural areas that allow the existence of a good number of species associated to these habitats. The most attractive areas for birds are those dedicated to the herbaceous crops (cereals) .

Species of interest

• Among the birds in the agricultural areas we must highlight the little bustard, the stone-curlew, the pin-tailed sandgrouse, the common black-shouldered kite ( Elanus caeruleus ), the calandra lark and the southern grey shrike( Lanius meridionalis ).

• During the summer also can be found nesting the Montagu's harrier, the Eurasian hobby, the rofus-tailed srub robin and the European bee-eater ( Merops apiaster ).

• Winter birds, digressing or during migratory path that can be observed are the hen harrier ( Circus cyaneus ), the common crane ( Grus grus ), the European roller ( Coracias garrulus ), the black-eared wheatear ( Oenanthe hispanica ) and the common starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ).

Time of the year

• The best time to observe these birds is in spring-summer since most they breed in these places. Nevertheless, some of these birds are only winter visitors or in migratory path, hence it is advice to also visit the open plains during the coldest months.

Observation places

• The best places to observe birds in agricultural environments are the Olive fields, Gerena and Sanlúcar la Mayor. Specially the vicinity of the Fuente de la Coriana .